The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the two most established primary treatments for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: radical retropubic prostatectomy, and external-beam radiotherapy. The primary aim is assessing biochemical disease-free survival, overall survival, and prostate cancer-specific survival. As secondary objectives quality of Life impact of treatments' side effects will be also assessed.
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Inclusion Criteria: * Age 75 years or younger * Diagnosis of prostate cancer, as verified by cytologic or histologic examination the tumor is well differentiated to moderately well differentiated * Untreated, clinically localized prostate cancer, with a tumor stage of T1, or T2 * Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of ≤10 ng/ml * Bone scan with no abnormalities * Health status that would permit radical prostatectomy * Life expectancy of more than 10 years. Exclusion Criteria: * PSA \>10 ng/ml * Bone scan consistent with metastatic disease * Other evidence that cancer of the prostate is not clinically localized * Life expectancy less than 10 years * Serum creatinine greater than 3 mg/dl * Myocardial infarction within last 6 months * Unstable angina Class III or IV * Severe pulmonary disease * Liver failure * Severe dementia * Debilitating illness Malignancies, except for nonmelanomatous skin cancer, in the last 5 years.